有研究顯示，利用運動手段進行非藥物干預(yù)，對男性生殖功能的改善能產(chǎn)生積極作用［3］。McPherson等［4］研究發(fā)現(xiàn)合理運動不僅可以改善睪丸局部微環(huán)境、調(diào)節(jié)激素釋放，還能改變生殖細胞的表觀遺傳修飾，進而有利于后代健康。Wortley等［5］在對男性的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)過10周的減肥訓練營生活后，男性青少年的體重、體成分顯著改善的同時，血清睪酮水平也顯著提高。當然，也有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)不同強度、不同類型的運動會對男性雄性激素水平帶來不同影響，進而影響生殖系統(tǒng)的健康［6］。因此，本文以運動對男性生殖系統(tǒng)的影響為切入點，通過CNKI、Web of Science、PubMed等數(shù)據(jù)庫對相關(guān)文獻進行搜索、整理和評估，綜述運動對男性生殖功能的干預(yù)作用及相關(guān)機制，以及探討不同運動項目與負荷對男性生殖功能的干預(yù)效果，循證運動對男性生殖功能的影響，為男性以非藥物療法干預(yù)生殖系統(tǒng)健康提供理論指導。
綜上所述，長期中等強度的有氧運動對男性生殖功能的改善具有積極的干預(yù)效果，且已經(jīng)在各項研究中被證實；而大負荷的力竭運動、長期高海拔的登山運動、大負荷的自行車運動則會對男性的生殖功能產(chǎn)生負面影響。 研究認為，長期中等強度有氧運動是男性生殖功能干預(yù)的最佳選擇，運動干預(yù)男性生殖功能的機制主要體現(xiàn)在以下方面：1）長期中等強度有氧運動能明顯改善睪酮（T）水平；2）運動對于黃體生成素（LH）與卵泡刺激素（FSH）具有積極的干預(yù)作用；3）長期中低強度的有氧運動能明顯改善男性的精液參數(shù)中的各項指標（圖1）。 但就目前而言，關(guān)于不同的運動項目和運動強度干預(yù)男性生殖功能健康具體機制及運動干預(yù)男性生殖功能的負荷閾值的相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)研究仍比較匱乏，仍將作為體醫(yī)融合背景下以非藥物療法干預(yù)男性生殖系統(tǒng)健康的重要理論研究方向。 參考文獻:［1］ Irvine DS． Male reproductive health: cause for concern? ［J］． John Wiley ＆ Sons，Ltd( 10．1111) ，2000，32( 4－5) ．［2］ 廖書杰，徐巖英，孫瑞娟，等．中國“男性生殖健康”基礎(chǔ)研究在國 家自然科學基金支持下的30年發(fā)展概況［J］．中華男科學雜志， 2020，26( 01) :3－16．［3］ Cumming D C，Wheeler G D，McColl E M． The effects of exercise on reproductive function in men．［J］． Sports medicine( Auckland，N． Z． ) ，1989，7( 1) ．［4］ Nicole O． McPherson，Hassan W． Bakos，Julie A． Owens，Brian P． Setchell，Michelle Lane． Improving Metabolic Health in Obese Male Mice via Diet and Exercise Ｒestores Embryo Development and Fetal Growth［J］． PLOS ONE，2013，8( 8) ．［5］ Wortley KE，Chang GQ，Zoya D，Leibowitz SF． Peptides that regulate food intake: orexin gene expression is increased during states of hy pertriglyceridemia．［J］． American journal of physiology． Ｒegulatory， integrative and comparative physiology，2003，284( 6) ．［6］ Mastorakos G，Pavlatou M． Exercise as a Stress Model and the Inter play Between the Hypothalamus－ pituitary－ adrenal and the Hypo thalamus－ pituitary－ thyroid Axes［J］． Horm Metab Ｒes，2005，37 ( 9) ．［7］ 胡捍衛(wèi)，朱曉紅． 生殖醫(yī)學基礎(chǔ)［M］．南京: 東南大學出版 社，2015．［8］ 張姹，魏易焓，盧靜怡，等．不同運動方式和運動時間對小鼠睪酮 分泌和精子生成的影響［J］．中國畜牧雜志，2021，57(02) :96－100．［9］ Sutton JＲ，Coleman MJ，Casey J，et al． Androgen Ｒesponses during Physical Exercise［J］． British Medical Journal，1973，1( 5852) ．［10］ Griffith ＲO，Dressendorfer ＲH，F(xiàn)ullbright CD，et al． Testicular Func tion During Exhaustive Endurance Training［J］． The Physician and sportsmedicine， 1990，18( 5) ．［11］ Jeová D，Viga M，Tatár P，et al． Plasma testosterone and cate cholamine responses to physical exercise of different intensities in men［J］． European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology，1985，54( 1) ．［12］ Galbo H，Hummer L，Petersen IB，Christensen NJ，et al． Thyroid and testicular hormone responses to graded and prolonged exercise in man ［J］． European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physi ology，1977，36( 2) ．［13］ Barron JL，Noakes TD，Levy W，et al． Hypothalamic dysfunction in overtrained athletes［J］． The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism，1985，60( 4) ．［14］ Samadian Z，Tofighi A，Ｒazi M，et al． Moderate－ intensity exercise training ameliorates the diabetes－ suppressed spermatogenesis and improves sperm parameters: Insole and simultaneous with insulin ［J］． Andrologia，2019，51( 11) ．［15］ Grandys M，Majerczak J，Duda K，et al． Endurance Training of Mod erate Intensity Increases Testosterone Concentration in Young， Healthy Men［J］． Int J Sports Med，2009，30( 7) ．［16］ Ｒemes K，Kuoppasalmi K，Adlercreutz H． Effect of long－term physi cal training on plasma testosterone，androstenedione，luteinizing hor mone and sex－h(huán)ormone－binding globulin capacity［J］． Scandinavi an journal of clinical and laboratory investigation， 1979，39( 8) ．［17］ 高珊珊，閆旋飛，高海寧，等．不同負荷運動對雄性肥胖模型小鼠 性激素和精子質(zhì)量的影響［J］．中國組織工程研究，2016，20 ( 05) :729－735．［18］ Safarinejad MＲ，Kamran A，Asgar KA． The effects of intensive，long－ term treadmill running on reproductive hormones，hypothalamus－pituitary－ testis axis，and semen quality: a randomized controlled study［J］． The Journal of endocrinology，2009，200( 3) ．［19］ Souza MJ，Arce JC，Pescatello LS，et al． Gonadal hormones and se 體育科技文獻通報 第30 卷第1期 2022 年1 月 81 群眾體育 QUNZHONGTIYU men quality in male runners． A volume threshold effect of endurance training［J］． International journal of sports medicine，1994，15( 7) ．［20］ Arce JC，Souza MJ，Pescatello LS，et al． Subclinical alterations in hor mone and semen profile in athletes［J］． Elsevier，1993，59( 2) ．［21］ Pelliccione F，Verratti V，D’Angeli A，et al． Physical exercise at high altitude is associated with a testicular dysfunction leading to re duced sperm concentration but healthy sperm quality［J］． Fertility and Sterility，2011，96( 1) ．［22］ Vittore V，F(xiàn)rancesco B，Camillo DG，et al． Evidence that chronic hy poxia causes reversible impairment on male fertility［J］． Asian journal of andrology，2008，10( 4) ．［23］ Verratti V，Giulio CD，D’Angeli A，et al． Sperm forward motility is negatively affected by short－ term exposure to altitude hypoxia［J］． Andrologia，2016，48( 7) ．［24］ Akiou O，Hideki F，Yoko K，et al． Changes in male reproductive function after high altitude mountaineering［J］． High altitude medi cine ＆ biology，2003，4( 3) ．［25］ Mitterberger M，Pinggera GM，Neuwirt H，et al． Do Mountain Bikers have a Higher Ｒisk of Scrotal Disorders than On－ Ｒoad Cyclists? 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